International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research

Comparative Clinical Efficacy of Oil Prepared with Stem Bark and Fruit of Shirisha in the Management of Darunaka (Dandruff) - A Randomised, Single Blind Clinical Study

E. Rachana — 2025-06-15

Darunaka, a Kshudra Roga classified under Kapalagata Roga in Ayurveda, is a common scalp disorder characterized by Kandu (itching), Kesacyuti (falling of hair), Ruksata (dryness), Tvaksputana (scaling/cracking of skin). It primarily arises due to vitiation of Vata and Kapha Doshas. Despite being non-fatal, it significantly impacts an individual's quality of life and aesthetics. This study aimed to comparative clinical efficacy of oil prepared with stem bark and fruit of Shirisha in the management of Darunaka (dandruff), assessing its role in Dosha Samana (pacification), symptom relief, and overall patient wellness. A clinical study was conducted involving patients diagnosed with cardinal symptoms of Darunaka. The trial formulation was administered as external application for 30 days. Classical Ayurvedic diagnostic criteria, as well as modern clinical parameters, were employed for assessment. Pre- and post-treatment observations were documented, focusing on signs such as Kandu, Kesacyuti, Tvak ruksata, and Tvaksputana. The results indicated a significant reduction in classical signs and symptoms of Darunaka. Improvements were noted in scalp health, reduction in itching. The therapy was well-tolerated by all participants, with no adverse effects reported. The study reinforces the efficacy of classical Ayurvedic approaches and suggests further large-scale research to validate these findings and integrate traditional treatments into contemporary scalp care.

Effect of Drakshadi Lehya in Underweight Adolescent Girls Aged 10-19 Years

Lekshmi MS — 2025-06-15

Adolescence is a phase of rapid growth and development characterized by significant physical, physiological, and behavioural changes. In India, the prevalence of underweight among adolescent females aged 15 to 19 is 47%. Undernutrition can be compared to Karshya described in Ayurvedic classics. The proposed trial drug, Drakshadi Lehya, is a classical formulation mentioned in Ashtanga Hridaya under Pandu Roga Chikitsa, appears to be safe and potent in managing the condition. The study design was quasi experimental study with a sample size of 20 underweight adolescent girls, each for the study and control group aged between 10 and 19 years with a body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5kg/m² were selected from the Outpatient Department of Swasthavritta, Govt. Ayurveda College Panchakarma Hospital, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram. Subjective parameters assessed were the cardinal signs and symptoms of Karshya as mentioned in the Brihathrayee. The objective parameters were body mass index, mid-arm circumference, and waist-hip ratio, which were analysed before the study (0^thday), after the study (45^th day), and after the follow up (75^th day). The study group was instructed to take 12 grams of Drakshadi Lehya twice daily after meals for 45 days, along with dietary modifications based on their nutritional needs. The control group was given advice regarding dietary modifications only. The statistical analyses, using Friedman's test and pairwise comparisons, consistently showed highly significant changes in the study group (p<0.001 in most cases) and often less significant or non-significant changes in the control group. This pattern of results strongly supports the efficacy of the intervention. After the study, the statistical interpretation suggest that Drakshadi Lehya is an effective formulation in underweight adolescent girls.

Ayurvedic Management of Alopecia Areata

Anju Chandran — 2025-06-15

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease condition characterized by patchy, non-scarring hair loss due to immune-mediated damage to hair follicles. It commonly affects the scalp, beard, and moustache areas, with exclamatory hairs often visible at the lesion margins. The condition usually manifests between the second and fourth decades of life and is influenced by genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. In Ayurveda, alopecia areata is correlated with Indralupta explained under Kapalagata Roga by Acharya Vagbhata and Kshudra Roga by Acharya Sushruta. Indraluptha is occurs due to the vitiation of Vata and Pitta doshas in the hair root (Romakoopa), leading to hair fall, followed by Kapha and Rakta doshas obstructing regrowth. Prachana, a type of Raktamokshana (bloodletting), is considered the first line of treatment. In this case study, a 20-year-old male with Alopecia areata was successfully treated with Ayurvedic Shodhana (purificatory) and Shamana (pacifying) therapy. Complete hair regrowth and symptom relief without recurrence were the outcomes of the treatment. This result emphasizes how Ayurvedic treatments can provide a comprehensive and long-lasting strategy for treating alopecia areata by addressing its underlying causes and reestablishing systemic equilibrium.

Evaluation of Acute Oral Toxicity of a Polyherbal Ayurvedic Formulation in Wistar Rats as per OECD 423

Sourabh Giri Baballi Umeshgiri — 2025-06-15

The present study systematically evaluated the acute oral toxicity profile of Amrith Noni Artho Plus - a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation containing Morinda citrifolia (Noni), Vitex negundo (Nirgundi), Boswellia serrata (Shallaki), and Commiphora wightii (Guggulu) - in accordance with OECD Guideline 423. Twelve female Wistar rats were subjected to a stepwise testing protocol involving initial (Step 1) and confirmatory (Step 2) phases, with three animals per dose group receiving single oral administrations of either 300mg/kg or 2000mg/kg body weight (limit test dose) via gavage. The formulation was suspended in normal saline (10ml/kg) and administered following overnight fasting. Animals underwent intensive clinical monitoring at predefined intervals (10 min, 30 min, 1h, 2h, 4h, 6h) post-dosing followed by twice-daily observations for 14 days. No mortality or treatment-related clinical signs of toxicity (including behavioural alterations, neurological symptoms, or autonomic disturbances) were observed at any dose level. Body weight trajectories and food/water consumption patterns remained normal throughout the study period, with no statistically significant deviations from baseline (p > 0.05). Gross pathological examination upon termination revealed no abnormalities in vital organs (liver, kidneys, heart, and spleen), and organ-to-body weight ratios fell within normal physiological ranges. The absence of adverse effects at 2000mg/kg classifies this formulation as Category 5 ("unclassified") under the OECD Globally Harmonized System, indicating an exceptionally wide safety margin. This study demonstrates that Amrith Noni Artho Plus is safe at doses up to 2000mg/kg, supporting its non-toxic nature and potential for safe therapeutic use.

Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation of Panchakola Choornam for Digestive Health: A Classical Ayurvedic Perspective

Greeshma P. G — 2025-06-15

Panchakola Choornam is a classical Ayurvedic formulation known for its Deepana and Pachana properties, traditionally used to correct digestive dysfunction and eliminate metabolic waste. This study aimed to validate and standardize the formulation through organoleptic, physicochemical, phytochemical, and TLC analyses. The Choornam exhibited characteristic sensory features and a mildly acidic pH (5.95), supporting its digestive role. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of glycosides, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, and coumarins, with water extracts highlighting hydrophilic constituents. TLC fingerprinting showed strong correlation with individual ingredients, ensuring formulation integrity, and revealed unique markers suggesting synergistic interactions. These findings affirm the safety, efficacy, and traditional use of Panchakola Choornam, providing a scientific basis for its standardization and future integration into evidence-based Ayurvedic practice.

A Case Report on the Management of Residual Calculi After Cholecystectomy Through Ayurveda Therapeutic Approaches

Afiya M Shoukkath — 2025-06-15

Cholecystectomy, the surgical removal of the gallbladder, is a commonly performed procedure worldwide, primarily indicated for symptomatic cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. While the procedure effectively eliminates the gallbladder as a source of stones, it does not eliminate the risk of calculi entirely. Residual calculi can occur after cholecystectomy, although it is relatively rare. If these calculi are identified within two years postoperatively, they are typically classified as residual; if discovered later, they may be termed as recurrent. A 50-year-old female patient with a history of chronic cholecystitis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy four and a half years prior had experienced abdominal pain, which progressively worsened with each passing day and was associated with fever and nausea. She consulted the outpatient department at the Government Ayurveda Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. The USG abdomen scan revealed multiple internal calculi in a gallbladder-like structure (Gall bladder stump) as a surgical remnant. She was treated with internal medications. She continued the medicines for two years with follow-ups every month, and the stones are completely gone after the due course of treatment. This management approach reveals that Ayurveda can provide promising and effective remedies in the management of residual calculi after cholecystectomy.

A Breakthrough Approach to Managing Chronic Plaque Psoriasis in Ayurveda by Sequential Purification Therapies

Das Sujata — 2025-06-15

Psoriasis vulgaris, the most prevalent form of psoriasis, commonly manifests in early adulthood and is marked by a chronic, relapsing course. In India, its prevalence ranges from 0.44% to 2.8%. This immune-mediated dermatological condition severely affects the quality of life by imposing physical, emotional, and social burdens. A 31-year-old male presented with dry, itchy, erythematous, scaly, and well-demarcated plaques symmetrically distributed over the scalp, trunk, and limbs. Based on Ayurvedic clinical evaluation, the condition was diagnosed as Ekakustha (plaque psoriasis). An integrative approach using classical Ayurvedic Shodhana (purification) therapies was employed, beginning with Virechana Karma (therapeutic purgation) followed by Basti Karma (medicated enema), in accordance with traditional management protocols for chronic skin disorders. Over the course of treatment and follow-up, the patient showed significant clinical improvement, including reduction in lesion size and severity, normalization of skin tone, and relief from pruritus and discomfort. This case highlights the importance of repeated systemic cleansing in managing chronic and relapsing conditions like psoriasis. The therapeutic response observed suggests that Panchakarma therapies may offer a promising complementary strategy in the long-term, individualized management of plaque psoriasis. Further research and well-designed clinical studies are warranted to substantiate these findings and integrate traditional interventions into evidence-based dermatological practice.

Ayurvedic Management of Hyper Emesis Gravidarum

Keerthy Krishnakumar — 2025-06-15

Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe type of vomiting of pregnancy which has got deleterious effect on the health of mother and/or incapacitates her in day-to- day activities. The incidence of Hyperemesis gravidarum ranges from 0.3 to 3%. Garbhini chardi is one among the Vyaktha garbha lakshanas. Due to Garbha peeda, Duhrida avamanana causes Kapha pitha dushti leading to Vatadushti along with Agnimandhya, Dosha utklesha and thus results in the expulsion through the mouth. A multipara with amenorrhea for 7 weeks 5 days presenting with severe vomiting, fatigue, constipation came to our OPD was assessed with PUQE- 24 scale and was managed with Ayurvedic treatment.

A Case Study on the Ayurvedic Management of Pratishyaya (Rhinitis) in Children Using Gojivhadi Syrup

Kalyani Aher — 2025-06-15

Pratishyaya, commonly correlated with allergic rhinitis in modern medicine, is a frequently encountered condition in children, often triggered by seasonal changes, environmental allergens, and compromised immunity. It presents with symptoms like sneezing, nasal discharge, nasal blockage, and headache, significantly affecting the child’s quality of life. Conventional treatments provide symptomatic relief but are often associated with side effects and recurrence. Ayurveda offers a holistic and safe approach through formulations that balance the Doshas, enhance immunity, and improve digestion. This case study evaluates the efficacy and safety of Gojivhadi Syrup, a classical Ayurvedic formulation, in the management of Vata-Kaphaja Pratishyaya in a 5-year-old male child with a history of recurrent rhinitis. The child presented with severe sneezing episodes (25–30/day), watery nasal discharge, nasal congestion, irritability, and disturbed sleep. Based on Ayurvedic principles and clinical examination, a diagnosis of Vata-Kaphaja Pratishyaya was made. The patient was administered Gojivhadi Syrup (5 ml thrice daily for 7 days). Significant clinical improvement was observed, with sneezing episodes reducing to 3–4/day, resolution of nasal congestion, and normalized laboratory parameters such as TLC, AEC, and ESR. No adverse effects were reported. The outcome suggests that Gojivhadi Syrup, with its Kapha-Vatahara, Deepana, Pachana, and Rasayana properties, can be a safe and effective remedy for allergic rhinitis in children. This case highlights the role of Ayurvedic management in pediatric respiratory disorders and encourages further research through large-scale clinical trials.

Efficacy of Virechana Karma in Gambheer Vatarakta wsr to Psoriatic Arthritis

Akansha Singh — 2025-06-15

Gambheer Vatarakta, a severe manifestation of Vatarakta, a condition where there is an imbalance of the Vata and Rakta doshas. Gambheer Vatarakta is characterized by Syavthu, Stabdhata, Arti, Shyava-tamra Twaka, Daha, Toda, Sphurana, Paka in joints, resembling the symptoms observed in psoriatic arthritis. The term Gambheer translates to severe or profound reflecting the intensity of the condition. Aim: The study seeks to evaluate the impact of Virechana Karma in Gambheer Vatarakta with special reference to psoriatic arthritis, symptoms including pain, swelling, and joint function, as well as its influence on the overall inflammatory and Dosha balance. Methods: A detailed case study was conducted on a 26-year-old female patient diagnosed with Gambheer Vatarakta. The patient underwent with a procedure of Virechana Karma, following a preparatory phase of Snehana (oleation) and Swedana (sudation). Clinical assessments were performed before and after the treatment regimen, including detailed symptom evaluations and laboratory tests to monitor changes in inflammatory markers and Dosha imbalances. Results: The Virechana Karma resulted in significant reduction in joint pain, swelling, and skin lesions. The patient experienced improved joint mobility and overall functional capacity. Laboratory tests showed a notable decrease and more balanced Dosha levels. The patient reported decreased severity of psoriatic symptoms, indicating an improvement in both the arthritic and psoriatic components of the condition. Conclusion: This case study demonstrates that Virechana Karma can be an effective treatment for managing Gambheer Vatarakta in context of psoriatic arthritis. The therapeutic purgation led to significant relief and improved functional outcomes. The study supports integration of Virechana Karma in treatment protocols for complex cases involving chronic inflammatory arthritis and suggests further research to confirm its broader efficacy and potential benefits.

Literature Review of Shati in Various Ayurvedic Treatise

Gitika — 2025-06-15

Hedychium spicatum Ham.ex Smith, commonly known as Kapur Kachari or Shati is one of the highly valued rhizomatous herb useful in a wide range of diseases. The rhizomes of this plant give a stimulant effect on the respiratory system. In Ayurveda it is considered as a potent herb to cure diseases like cough, symptoms of cold, asthma, bronchitis. It is placed under Hikka Nigrahan and Swashara Gana. The Guṇa-Karma of Shati included Laghu, Teeksṇa, Guṇa; Kaṭu, Tikta, Kaṣhaya Rasa; Anushṇa Veerya. Shati was found to be as the ingredient of many formulations like Chawanprasha, Agastya Haritaki Rasayana, Mahamayur Ghrit and Sudarshana Churna and used in the treatment of cough, hiccough, fever and asthma and other respiratory problems. The rhizomes are considered useful as stomachic, carminative and stimulant for the treatment of liver disorders, food poisoning, inflammation, asthma pain, bronchitis and brain tonic. Various Paryaya, Guna, Karma and different opinions of Acharyas from various Samhitas were observed.

Literature Review and Pharmacological Activities of Jeeraka

L. Sreelakshmi — 2025-06-15

Jeeraka is widely utilized in Ayurvedic therapeutic preparations, both on its own and in combination with other herbs. Acharya Charaka listed it as part of the Shula Prashamana group, while Susruta and Vagbhata classified it under the Pippalyadi Varga. Additionally, Jeeraka is mentioned in the Haritakyadi Varga in Bhavaprakasha Nighantu. It is primarily known for its carminative and digestive properties like Deepana pachana grahi, and it is also employed for various conditions related to the Garbhashaya (uterus), Hrdya (heart), and Netra (eyes), among others. Jeeraka is identified as Cuminum cyminum and belongs to the Umbelliferae family. Materials and methods: Relevant Ayurvedic texts, including the Caraka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and various Nighantus, as well as modern literature, research works, and online sources, have been considered. Results: Examined the vernacular names and synonyms of Jeeraka, Nirukthi, and Rasapanchaka, including the therapeutic properties of Jeeraka. Conclusion: Although Jeerka is a spice commonly used in everyday cooking, it also possesses impressive pharmacological properties.

Occupational Contact Dermatitis from Bhallataka Shodhana - A Case Based Insight Into Urushiol Toxicity

Madduru Muni Haritha — 2025-06-15

The nut known as "marking nut" and colloquially referred to as "Bhallataka" or "Bhilawa," Semecarpus Anacardium Linn (Family: Anacardiaceae), has been utilized in traditional medicine systems for a variety of illnesses since ancient times. According to the Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1940, it is classified as a Schedule E 1 medicine (poisonous medicinal plant). Despite used for numerous health conditions in Indian medicine and traditional medicine as a single formulation and compound formulation. The sticky, tar-like oil found in Bhallataka has been linked to contact dermatitis, primarily due to the presence of urushiol- a compound known to cause blistering on areas of skin that come into contact with it. This irritant oil, located mainly in the pericarp of the fruit, contains a mixture of 3-n-pentadec(en)yl catechols, which include anacardic acid and the bioactive constituents bhilawanol A and B. Bhilawanol itself is a blend of cis and trans isomers of ursuhenol and is chiefly concentrated within the fruit. This paper presents a case report of allergic contact dermatitis resulting from exposure to vapors released during the Swedana process of Bhallataka fruit in a Dola Yantra. The condition was aggravated by negligent handling during fruit slicing, insufficient safety measures, and improper cleaning of utensils used throughout the Shodhana procedure. The Shodhana, Shamana and Raktamokshana by Siravyadha methods given was successful in reducing the symptoms. This case study demonstrates the efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment (Shodhana, Shamana and Siravedhana) in contact dermatitis.

Vidangadi Taila Nasya in Management of Vataja Pratishyaya

Heenakausar Ayub Tamboli — 2025-06-15

Vataja Pratishyaya which can be correlated to allergic rhinitis which is a prevalent condition characterized by symptoms such as nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, etc. In Ayurveda, it is classified as a Pranavaha Srotas Vikara (upper respiratory tract diseases), primarily resulting from the vitiation of Vata Dosha, leading to irritation in the nasal passages. This imbalance can be triggered by factors like exposure to allergens, environmental pollutants, and seasonal changes. Acharya Sushruta stated five distinct types of Pratishyaya, among which Vataja Pratishyaya is considered the most prevalent. It is considered a causative factor for various diseases and is given significant importance in Shalakya Tantra. Nasya Karma of Vidangadi Taila through the nostrils, is a treatment chosen for study in Vataja Pratishyaya. The treatment was aimed at pacifying aggravated Vata and Kapha Doshas. This procedure helps in lubricating the nasal mucosa, expelling accumulated Doshas, and restoring balance to the affected Doshas. The present study was planned to evaluate the nature of disease, its course and management with Ayurvedic therapy and to develop evidence-based support for effect of Vidangadi Taila Nasya in Vataja Pratishyaya as mentioned in Gadanigraha.

Effect of Panchakarma Therapy in the Management of Spinocerebellar Ataxia

Fathima.A — 2025-06-15

Spino cerebellar ataxia is a progressive cerebellar ataxia inherited by autosomal dominant transmission, it occurs as a result of derangement of cerebellum and its afferent and efferent pathways. Signs and symptoms of ataxia includes gait impairment, scanning speech, blurred vision due to nystagmus, incoordination of hand and tremor with movement. The present case involves a patient diagnosed as spino cerebellar ataxia which was successfully managed with ayurvedic treatment. A 36 year old female patient having complaints of imbalance, slurred speech, poor coordination with tremors diagnosed as Vatavyadhi due to Avarana. The treatment was based on the principles of Kaphahara and Marutha anulomana. Treatment adopted was Swedana, Udwartana, Virechana, Utsadana, Balaguduchyadhi vasti, Navadhanya kizhi, Nasya and Shirovasti. Assessment of the patient was done using SARA scale before and after the treatment.

An Observational Study to Establish A Correlation Between the Signs and Symptoms of Kurchashir Marma Viddha of Upper Limb and De Quervain’s Disease

Samadhan Madhukar Patil — 2025-06-15

Aim: This study aims to establish a correlation between the signs and symptoms of Kurchashir Marma viddha of upper limb and De Quervain’s disease through a detailed observational study. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted involving 30 patients diagnosed with De Quervain’s disease, confirmed using Finkelstein’s test. Patients were assessed for various signs and symptoms associated with both Kurchashir Marma viddha of upper limb and De Quervain’s disease. Results: The findings revealed that over 75% of patients with a positive Finkelstein's test exhibited symptoms such as Aghataj Hetu (excess work), duration, Ruja (pain), Shoph (swelling), Sparshasahatva (tenderness), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. Additionally, more than 50% of patients reported symptoms related to fine work. Demographic analysis indicated that the majority of patients were aged between 20-40 years, with a higher incidence in males (53.3%). The study also found that 96.7% of patients had a history of excess work, and 76.7% presented with swelling over the thumb. Conclusion: The anatomical structures involved in De Quervain’s disease correlate with those of Kurchashir Marma. The symptomatology of Kurchashir Marma viddha of upper limb aligns closely with that of De Quervain’s disease, suggesting that the signs and symptoms of both conditions are similar. This study highlights the potential for integrating traditional Ayurvedic concepts with contemporary medical diagnoses to enhance understanding and management of these conditions.

Pathyadi Bidalaka in Management of Vataja Abhishyanda

Nirav Ashokbhai Sapariya — 2025-06-15

Vataja Abhishyanda is one of the most common eye disorders affecting people of all ages due to allergens like dust, pollen from trees and grass, animal dander, chemical scents, cosmetic products etc. It is observed to be a seasonal disease, i.e. during summer and spring. It can be correlated with allergic conjunctivitis according to their signs and symptoms. Abhishyanda (conjunctivitis) is the main cause of most eye disorders and must be treated early in effective ways as possible otherwise it may lead to severe complications making the disease unmanageable and would be very difficult to save the eyesight. Allergic conjunctivitis has symptoms like itching, burning sensation, watery, stringy discharge, mild photophobia, and eye congestion. Modern medicine treats it by administering eye drops and anti-allergic drugs, which may have some adverse effects. Ayurvedic management of allergic conjunctivitis has shown some effective results in overcoming the disease with no such effects. According to Acharya Sharangdhara, Pathyadi Bidalaka was done on the patient, who had symptoms of Vataja Abhishyanda (Allergic Conjunctivitis) for 7 days. Vata is said to be the predominant Dosha of Vataja Abhishyanda, Pathyadi Bidalaka has Vataghna properties (pacify Vata Dosha); thus, will reduce the symptoms. The assessment of the condition was done before and after treatment.

Ayurvedic Management of Palmoplantar Psoriasis: An Evidence Based Case Report

Saranya P — 2025-06-15

Palmoplantar psoriasis is a chronic dermatological condition that primarily affects the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, leading to significant functional disability. It is characterised by hyperkeratosis, scaling, and thickening of the skin. The condition may also involve painful fissures and bleeding. In this case study, an 83-year-old male patient presented to the Inpatient department (IPD) with complaints of blackened, thickened skin lesions, along with cracks, itching, scaling, and pain on both his feet and hands, lasting for the past three months. From the clinical presentation, the condition can be correlated with "Vipadika Kushta" in Ayurveda. The negative impact of palmoplantar psoriasis on the patient's personal and social life is profound, as it severely hampers daily activities and mobility. While modern medicine mainly focuses on topical treatments, complete recovery is often not achievable. However, with the help of Ayurvedic treatment modalities, the patient experienced significant relief from pain and itching. Additionally, the cracks and discolouration of the skin improved considerably, showcasing the potential benefits of Ayurveda in managing such chronic conditions.